Te Ahurea o te Melanin: Te Āhua o te Tohu Tae ki te Hanga i te Kiri me te Auahatanga Hua

He aha te Pūtaiao Tae e Huri Ana hei Kōrero mō te Hua

He maha ngā hua rerekē e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaihoko, e whakarōpūhia ana i raro i te tae kiri: he tae ōrite ake, he kanapa ake, he āhua e whiti ana i te rā, he āhua parahi āta haere rānei, me te kore e pāngia e te hihi UV. Tērā pea he rite te āhua o ēnei whāinga i runga i te papa kare ā-roto, engari e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā ara koiora, ara whakapaipai rānei rerekē.

Mō ngā waitohu tiaki kiri, ehara i te mea ko te whakaahua i te kiri mā he hapa, he koretake rānei i roto i te koiora te whai wāhitanga. Engari ko te mārama ki ngā ara kei muri i te tae taiao me te whakamaori i taua mōhiotanga ki ngā ariā hua mārama ake, ki ngā kōwhiringa kai pai ake, me ngā kereme ka taea e ngā kaihoko te mārama me te whakawhirinaki.

Te Āhua o te Kiri Tūturu e te Tohu Melanin

Ko te kaiwhakawhiwhi melanocortin 1 (MC1R) tētahi o ngā kaiwhakahaere rongonui o te tohu melanocyte. Ina whakaohokia e ngā ligands ā-tinana pērā i te homoni whakaoho alpha-melanocyte, ka taea e te MC1R te ​​whakanui ake i te adenosine monophosphate cyclic intracellular (cAMP), te awe i te tohu protein kinase A me te CREB, me te tautoko i te whakaaturanga MITF-e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whākōkī melanogenic tae atu ki te tyrosinase. Ka whai wāhi tēnei ara ki te whakaputa tae me te taurite i waenga i te eumelanin me te pheomelanin.

Ehara te tae i te pana kotahi hei whakakā, hei whakaweto. Ko ngā ira, ngā momo MC1R, ngā tohu mai i ngā keratinocytes, ngā awe o ngā homoni, te pakeketanga, te mumura, me te pānga o te UV ka pā ki te urupare whakamutunga. Mō te whanaketanga hua, ka taea e ngā raraunga ara te āwhina ki te whakamārama i te ariā o te kai, engari ko te mahi in vitro anake kāore e whakaatu ana ka kitea te rerekētanga o te tae kiri i te tauira kua oti.

Eumelanin, Pheomelanin, me nga Tepe o te Tan Natural

Ko te tikanga, he nui ake te whai huatanga o te Eumelanin i te pheomelanin ki te mimiti me te whakamarara i te kaha ultraviolet. Ko te nui ake o ngā taumata eumelanin pumau e pā ana ki te iti iho o ētahi momo kino DNA i puta mai i te UV i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakaaturanga rite. Mā tēnei parenga whanaunga ka whakamārama i ngā rerekētanga o te urupare UV puta noa i ngā tae kiri, engari kāore e ārai i tētahi tae kiri ki te kino o te rā.

He mea nui tēnei mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a te kaihoko. Ehara te kiri parauri e kitea ana i te tohu o te kiri hauora, ā, kāore te tae hohonu ake e whakakapi i te hinu ārai rā. He mea nui tonu te hinu ārai rā whānui, ngā kākahu tiaki, te atarangi, me ngā tikanga whakamahana tika mō ngā momo kiri katoa.

He aha te Tae Kore-Rā he Huarahi Rerekē mō te Hua

Ko te kiri māwhero i puta mai i te hihi UV he urupare urutau e whai ake ana i te ahotea hihi ultraviolet me te tohu kino o te DNA. Kaua e waiho hei painga hauora, hei whakaritenga koiora rānei. Ko ngā kōrero hua e kī ana ka ārai te kiri māwhero i ngā kino o te hihi UV a muri ake nei, ka whakapakari i te ira, ka whakakapi rānei i te pare rā ka puta he pānga tiaki whakaahua hē.

He rerekē te mahi a te tanning kore-rā. Ko ngā kai pēnei i te dihydroxyacetone ka hanga tae rangitahi mā roto i ngā tauhohenga i roto i te stratum corneum o waho, kaua mā te whakanui ake i te hanga melanin. Ka huaki tēnei i ngā whai wāhitanga hōputu whai hua – ngā hinu tinana āta haere, ngā pata tanning kanohi, ngā serum māmā, me ngā whakamakuku tae – ko te karere matua a te kaihoko kei te aro tonu ki te āhua: te tae me te kore e pāngia e te hihi UV.

He Rārangi Arowhai Whakawhanake Hua Whaihua

Te kupu whakaari a te kaihoko: tautuhia mēnā he ōrite te tae o te hua, he kanapa, he tae tonu, he tae āta haere rānei, he tae kore rā.

Taumata taunakitanga: ngā raraunga tikanga whakauru motuhake, ngā kitenga ex vivo, ngā hua taputapu tangata, me ngā kitenga tirohanga a te kaihoko.

Te whakatakotoranga me te tauira: whakatauritehia te pūnaha hohe ki ngā hinu kanohi, ngā pata, ngā kirimi, ngā hinu tinana rānei, kātahi ka arotake i te pH, te wairewatanga, te tiakitanga, te takai, me te hototahitanga.

Te pūmautanga me te pūmautanga: te aroturuki i te kakara, te torengitanga, te whanaketanga tae, te whakawhiti, te whakarerekētanga o te tae o te tauira, me te pūmautanga tūturu i roto i te turanga kua oti.

Rohe kereme: whakamahia he reo āhua mārama e tautokona ana e te tauira kua oti, kaua rawa e kī he whakakapi te tae, te kiri parauri rānei mō te hinu ārai rā kua whakaaetia.

Whakamutunga: Whakamāoritia te Pūtaiao Tae hei Kōwhiringa Hua Pai Ake

Ko te heke mai o te tiaki kiri e aro ana ki te tae kiri, ehara i te mea ko te whakaaro ki te kiri mā hei raruraru, ko te whakatenatena rānei i ngā kaihoko kia parauri hei oranga mō rātou. Ko te mea nui ko te whakawhanake i ngā hua me te kaupapa mārama: te āwhina i te kiri kia ātaahua ake, kia kanapa ake, te whakarato i te tae kāore he rā e whakahaeretia ana, me te hoatu ki ngā kaihoko he huarahi kē atu hei whakakapi i te parauri UV.

Mā te whanaketanga hua pono ka wehea ngā paparanga e toru: te koiora kiri kua whakapumautia, te rangahau taumata-kai, me te mahi-whakaoti-tātaitanga. Ina honoa pai aua paparanga, ka noho te pūtaiao tae hei tūāpapa kaha mō te auahatanga me te kore e huri i te kōrero whakapaipai hei oati hauora.

Tohutoro

1. Cui, R. et al. (2007). Te tūranga matua o te p53 i roto i te urupare kiri pāwera me te pikinga o te tae. Cell, 128(5), 853-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.045
2. D'Orazio, JA et al. (2006). Rautaki whakaora rongoā ā-papa me te tiaki kiri i runga i te mahi a Mc1r i roto i te urupare UV. Nature, 443, 340-344. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05098
3. Tadokoro, T. et al. (2003). Te kino o te DNA i puta mai i te UV me te nui o te melanin i roto i te kiri tangata e rerekē ana i te takenga mai o te iwi/iwi. FASEB Journal, 17(9), 1177-1179. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.02-0865fje
4. Premi, S. et al. (2015). Ka puta ngā hua whakaahua DNA i muri i te roa o te wā e pāngia ana e te hihi UV nā te matū whakaoho o ngā hua o te melanin. Science, 347(6224), 842-847. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256022
5. Te Tari Kai me te Rongoā o Amerika. Ngā Kaiwhakaahua me ngā Kaiwhakaahua Parakore o Sunless. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/sunless-tanners-bronzers
6. Te Tari Kai me te Rongoā o Amerika. Parenga Rā: Me pēhea te āwhina i te tiaki i tō kiri mai i te Rā. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun